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صفحه اصلی
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اولین کنگره بین المللی رویکردهای نوین سبک زندگی، پیشگیری و درمان سرطان
Application of mouse models in cancer diagnosis and therapy
نویسندگان :
مهراب نصیری کناری (انستیتو پاستور ایران) , علی اصغر احمدی (انستیتو پاستور ایران) , رمضان بهزادی (انستیتو پاستور ایران) , سعید کاوسیان (انستیتو پاستور ایران) , عفت حیاتی (انستیتو پاستور ایران)
کلمات کلیدی :
mouse models،xenograft،GEMM،PDX
چکیده :
Background: The importance of animal models in biomedical research is crucial given the complexity of the current oncology framework and their ability to generate useful data with clinical translation. The creation of complicated cancer animal models that accurately represent the complexity of the tumor and its milieu is now required by recent advancements in the development of innovative cancer therapy techniques. Due to its high level of environmental adaption, genetic variability, and physiological resemblance to humans, the laboratory mouse provide excellent tumor models because they can be genetically altered readily, have a short reproductive cycle, and demonstrate rapid tumor growth. Methods: The methods used to create cancer animal models are diversifying as research progresses, including xenotransplantation, gene engineering, and chemical induction. The use of induced cancer models has drawn a lot of attention since a variety of procedures and approaches are simple to use and readily available. These investigations concentrate on the chemical and physical triggers. An animal cancer model can be created by combining physical stimuli like light (irradiation) and chemical stimuli like cancer cells, tumor tissue, and various genetic constructs including viruses, homologous recombination, and gene editing. The most common method for inducing cancer is to use cancer cell lines especially from human origin to induce xenograft in immunocompromised animals. The most efficient strategy is to exploit genetic engineering to develop genetically programmed cancer models. The first genetically engineered mouse models generated were knock-in and knock-out models of single oncogenes or tumor suppressors. By using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, model building has been transformed since it is faster, cheaper, and more versatile than traditional approaches at producing cancer mice models. The field of humanized mouse models also continues to expand as well, with each iteration bringing us closer and closer to mimicking people’s immune systems. Furthermore, the patient-derived xenotransplantation (PDX) model has become a research hotspot in recent years because it may preserve the environment of the underlying tumor and the basic characteristics of cells. Conclusion: Together, the extensive research conducted over the last decades has led to the creation of effective mouse models for cancer. The primary instruments for both present and future investigations of cancer research are these models. They enable studies of both normal and abnormal gene interactions in tumors as well as the recreation of human disease in mice, serving as an important resource for research on chemoprevention as well as the creation and evaluation of novel cancer therapeutics. These models allow for the verification of the drug candidate's target engagement, mechanism of action, and demonstration of in vivo efficacy. They have the potential to significantly facilitate and accelerate the administration of novel medications to cancer patients when combined with their related biomarkers.
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